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A week after Malaysia Airlines Flight 370 vanished, theories of the plane’s fate continue to spread across websites, social media, news outlets and official sources — ranging from the plausible to the absurd.
The leading theory is foul play. While earlier this week outlets reported that officials appeared skeptical that human interference caused the plane’s disappearance, by Friday authorities were putting more stock into the theory that someone intentionally altered the flight’s course, and that whoever it was knew how and where to fly a plane.
As to where the flight ended up, theorieshave ranged from the Indian Ocean to the South China Sea, with increasing attention being placed on the former. Here’s a list of current knowns, along with clues and theories, some more serious than others, about what happened to the Boeing 777 jetliner:
LOCATION:
– LAST CONTACT: Flight MH370 last communicated with air traffic control on March 8 east of Malaysia, and that area of the South China Sea between Malaysia and Vietnam initially was the focus of the search. Many experts assumed the plane had suffered a sudden catastrophic event because pilots didn’t alert ground control before it vanished from radar screens.
However, nothing was found there or farther north in the Gulf of Thailand. Within 18 hours, Malaysian authorities said they believed the plane may have tried to turn back, and search planes and vessels were sent to the Strait of Malacca, on the other side of Malaysia.
– EXPANDED SEARCH: The search moved into the Indian Ocean on Friday after U.S. officials said the plane had sent signals to satellites for hours after its last contact with air traffic control. The U.S. Navy moved one of its ships in the Strait of Malacca.
One theory, based on the reports that the plane made a sudden change in direction and followed established flight lanes, is that it could have flown for hours after losing contact, and may have actually landed on a remote island in the Indian Ocean. India has said it is searching hundreds of small, uninhabited islands in the Andaman Sea more than 700 miles west of the plane’s last known position.
Even before the latest evidence suggested a deliberate act, the landing theory found a voice among conspiracy theorists on China’s popular Twitter-like microblogging service Sina Weibo.
“The plane did not crash – at least we’ve not seen any pictures to suggest this, and no wreckage has been found. It’s being held prisoner in some country for political reasons,” a user posting under “BoZtZiE” wrote on the site.
– SEISMIC REPORT: A Chinese university says it detected a seismic event in a “non-seismic zone” near the spot in the South China Sea where the plane lost contact with air traffic control. U.S. geologists said the event was a 2.8-magnitude earthquake off the coast of Indonesia, and said a quake resulting from a plane crash was improbable.
CAUSES:
HUMAN INTERVENTION: A U.S. official said in Washington that investigators are examining the possibility of “human intervention” and that the disappearance may have been “an act of piracy.” The key evidence behind the theory is the fact that contact with the Boeing 777’s transponder stopped several minutes before a messaging system on the jet stopped working. Some experts are leaning toward the theory that pilots or someone else with aviation experience deliberately veered the plane off course. They find it hard to believe that a modern jetliner like the 777 would experience a total electronic failure that left the plane unable to communicate, yet able to keep flying.
Mike Glynn, a committee member of the Australian and International Pilots Association, said he considers pilot suicide to be the most likely explanation for the disappearance, as was suspected in a SilkAir crash during a flight from Singapore to Jakarta in 1997 and an EgyptAir flight in 1999.
Glynn said a pilot may have sought to fly the plane into the Indian Ocean to reduce the chances of recovering data recorders, and to conceal the cause of the disaster.
Malaysia Airlines Commercial Director Hugh Dunleavy told Reuters on Wednesday that there was “no reason to believe” that any actions by members of the flight’s crew caused its disappearance.
“The captain in charge is a very seasoned pilot at Malaysia Airlines, who has had a track record of excellent service. There have been absolutely no indications as far as we are aware of that there was anything untoward in either his behaviour or attitude,” Dunleavy told the news service.
TERRORISM: Early speculation leaned toward terrorism after two men, later identified as Iranians, boarded the plane with stolen passports. Authorities later determined they were migrants seeking to travel to Europe illegally. No group has claimed responsibility for the lost plane, and experts have questioned why, if the jet was hijacked, those responsible didn’t target a city or military installation.
Users on China’s Twitter-like Sina Weibo have posted theories suggesting an attack by Uighur militants from the country’s far western region of Xinjiang.
The Uyghur American Association called for a halt to such speculation in a statement Monday, which the group said “only aggravates the pain and suffering of the loved ones whose relatives were on board.”
MECHANICAL FAILURE: Experts now see this theory as unlikely following word that the plane was emitting signals for hours after it disappeared, and given the fact that no debris has been recovered from close to the plane’s last known position. The plane’s flight data recorder and cockpit voice recorder can transmit signals for up to 30 days, but none have been detected.
DECOMPRESSION: Experts say it’s possible the plane continued to fly while a decompression left everyone on board unconscious and unable to respond, similar to what happened in the 1999 crash that killed golfer Payne Stewart and five others. A Malaysian investigator said on Friday that based on the plane’s course, it appeared a skilled person was flying in the cockpit.
CONSPIRACY: Evidence that the flight continued under an experienced aviator’s direction also throws water on many of the more outlandish theories that spread through cyberspace following the flight’s disappearance. Theories that included a meteor hitting the plane, as a user called “laxnic” suggested on China’s Sina Weibo, writing, “It would have been a more powerful impact than a missile and would have split the plane into tiny pieces.” Or that the plane was shot down by a military jet, a theory posited by sites like Common Sense Conspiracy.
“If you think that it couldn’t possibly be accidental, guess again. Not only could it happen, but it has happened,” a post on the site read, citing the 1988 incident in which a U.S. warship mistakenly shot down an Iranian airliner.
SIGNALS:
WHAT THEY MEAN: The plane was sending out signals to a satellite, not unlike the way a cellphone tries to make contact with a base station even when it is off. That the plane was still sending out these messages for at least four hours after it was last spotted means it was still in one piece after it stopped communicating with the ground.
WHERE THE PLANE COULD HAVE BEEN: Experts believe the transmissions mean it was still in the air after it stopped communicating with air traffic control.
WHY SIGNALS STOPPED: A retired pilot and instructor for Boeing 777s says the plane has two transponders that emit radar data. Both can be shut off by simply turning a knob in the cockpit, keeping radar contact alive but removing key identifiers like air speed and altitude from air traffic controllers’ screens. Retired Capt. Ross Aimer says under normal circumstances, there’s no reason for a pilot to turn off the transponders. But he said there are rare occasions when a pilot might have to – say, if the crew noticed smoke coming from the device and feared an electrical fire would break out.
IMAGES:
CHINESE SATELLITE PICTURES: Images published on a government website showed three suspected floating objects, and search planes were dispatched to an area of the South China Sea off the southern tip of Vietnam. But several experts said it appeared very unlikely the debris was from a crashed Boeing 777.
OIL SLICKS: Oil slicks were seen Saturday in the South China Sea, raising initial speculation that the plane had gone down there. But the substance was tested and was found not to be jetliner fuel.
